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Discover how PEPperPRINT Peptide Microarray products have been used in different fields of research.

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Antigen discovery by bioinformatics analysis and peptide microarray for the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis

Batisti Biffignandi, Gherard; Vola, Ambra; Sassera, Davide; Najafi-Fard, Saeid; Gomez Morales, Maria Angeles; Brunetti, Enrico; Teggi, Antonella; Goletti, Delia; Petrone, Linda; Tamarozzi, Francesca
PLoS Negl Trop Dis.
Apr 2023
10.1371/journal.pntd.0011210
Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, is a neglected zoonosis. Its diagnosis relies on imaging, supported by serology, while only imaging is useful for staging and follow-up. Since diagnostic tools and expertise are not widely available, new accurate and easily implementable assays for the diagnosis and follow-up of CE are highly needed. Methodology/Principal Findings We aimed to identify new E . granulosus antigens through a bioinformatics selection applied to the parasite genome, followed by peptide microarray screening and validation in ELISA, using independent panels of sera from patients with hepatic CE and clinically relevant controls. From 950 proteins selected in silico , 2,379 peptides were evaluated by microarray for IgG reactivity and eight candidates selected for validation. Reactivity to one peptide was significantly higher in the CE group (p = 0.044), but had suboptimal diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions/Significance Here we performed bioinformatics analysis and peptide microarray for antigen discovery, useful for the diagnosis of CE. Eight candidates were selected and validated. Reactivity to one peptide associated to CE but had suboptimal diagnostic accuracy. Importantly, the database developed in this study may be used to identify other antigenic candidates for CE diagnosis and follow-up.

Anti-brolucizumab immune response as one prerequisite for rare retinal vasculitis/retinal vascular occlusion adverse events

Karle, Anette C.; Wrobel, Matthias B.; Koepke, Stephan; Gutknecht, Michael; Gottlieb, Sascha; Christen, Brigitte; Rubic-Schneider, Tina; Pruimboom-Brees, Ingrid; Leber, Xavier Charles; Scharenberg, Meike; Maciejewski, Benjamin; Turner, Oliver; Saravanan, Chandra; Huet, Francois; Littlewood-Evans, Amanda; Clemens, Andreas; Grosskreutz, Cynthia L.; Kearns, Jeffrey D.; Mehan, Pawan; Schmouder, Robert L.; Sasseville, Vito; Brees, Dominique
Sci. Transl. Med..
Feb 2023
10.1126/scitranslmed.abq5241
In October 2019, Novartis launched brolucizumab, a single-chain variable fragment molecule targeting vascular endothelial growth factor A, for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. In 2020, rare cases of retinal vasculitis and/or retinal vascular occlusion (RV/RO) were reported, often during the first few months after treatment initiation, consistent with a possible immunologic pathobiology. This finding was inconsistent with preclinical studies in cynomolgus monkeys that demonstrated no drug-related intraocular inflammation, or RV/RO, despite the presence of preexisting and treatment-emergent antidrug antibodies (ADAs) in some animals. In this study, the immune response against brolucizumab in humans was assessed using samples from clinical trials and clinical practice. In the brolucizumab-naïve population, anti-brolucizumab ADA responses were detected before any treatment, which was supported by the finding that healthy donors can harbor brolucizumab-specific B cells. This suggested prior exposure of the immune system to proteins with structural similarity. Experiments on samples showed that naïve and brolucizumab-treated ADA-positive patients developed a class-switched, high-affinity immune response, with several linear epitopes being recognized by ADAs. Only patients with RV/RO showed a meaningful T cell response upon recall with brolucizumab. Further studies in cynomolgus monkeys preimmunized against brolucizumab with adjuvant followed by intravitreal brolucizumab challenge demonstrated that high ADA titers were required to generate ocular inflammation and vasculitis/vascular thrombosis, comparable to RV/RO in humans. Immunogenicity therefore seems to be a prerequisite to develop RV/RO. However, because only 2.1% of patients with ADA develop RV/RO, additional factors must play a role in the development of RV/RO.

Combinatorial Peptide Synthesis on a Microchip

Schirwitz, Christopher; Block, Ines; König, Kai; Nesterov, Alexander; Fernandez, Simon; Felgenhauer, Thomas; Leibe, Klaus; Torralba, Gloria; Hausmann, Michael; Lindenstruth, Volker; Stadler, Volker; Breitling, Frank; Bischoff, F. Ralf
Current Protocols in Protein Science.
Aug 2009
10.1002/0471140864.ps1802s57
Microchips are used in the combinatorial synthesis of peptide arrays by means of amino acid microparticle deposition. The surface of custom-built microchips can be equipped with an amino-modified poly(ethylene glycol)methacrylate (PEGMA) graft polymer coating, which permits high loading of functional groups and resists nonspecific protein adsorption. Specific microparticles that are addressed to the polymer-coated microchip surface in a well defined pattern release preactivated amino acids upon melting, and thus allow combinatorial synthesis of high-complexity peptide arrays directly on the chip surface. Currently, arrays with densities of up to 40,000 peptide spots/cm2 can be generated in this way, with a minimum of coupling cycles required for full combinatorial synthesis. Without using any additional blocking agent, specific peptide recognition has been verified by background-free immunostaining on the chip-based array. This unit describes microchip surface modification, combinatorial peptide array synthesis on the chip, and a typical immunoassay employing the resulting high-density peptide arrays.

Particle-Based Synthesis of Peptide Arrays

Breitling, Frank; Felgenhauer, Thomas; Nesterov, Alexander; Lindenstruth, Volker; Stadler, Volker; Bischoff, F. Ralf
ChemBioChem.
Mar 2009
10.1002/cbic.200800735
Lithographic methods allow for the combinatorial synthesis of >50,000 oligonucleotides per cm(2), and this has revolutionized the field of genomics. High-density peptide arrays promise to advance the field of proteomics in a similar way, but currently lag behind. This is mainly due to the monomer-by-monomer repeated consecutive coupling of 20 different amino acids associated with lithography, which adds up to an excessive number of coupling cycles. Combinatorial synthesis based on electrically charged solid amino acid particles resolves this problem. A color laser printer or a chip addresses the different charged particles consecutively to a solid support, where, when completed, the whole layer of solid amino acid particles is melted at once. This frees hitherto immobilized amino acids to couple all 20 different amino acids to the support in one single coupling reaction. The method should allow for the translation of entire genomes into sets of overlapping peptides to be used in proteome research.

High-density peptide arrays

Breitling, Frank; Nesterov, Alexander; Stadler, Volker; Felgenhauer, Thomas; Bischoff, F. Ralf
Mol. BioSyst..
Jan 2009
10.1039/b819850k
Arrays promise to advance biology by allowing parallel screening for many different binding partners. Meanwhile, lithographic methods enable combinatorial synthesis of >50 000 oligonucleotides per cm2, an advance that has revolutionized the whole field of genomics. A similar development is expected for the field of proteomics, provided that affordable, very high-density peptide arrays are available. However, peptide arrays lag behind oligonucleotide arrays. This review discusses recent developments in the field with an emphasis on methods that lead to very high-density peptide arrays.

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