Vaccine & Therapeutic Immunogenicity Profiling

Profile immune responses at the epitope level for vaccine optimization, anti-drug antibody detection, and immunotherapy development. From immunogen design to clinical monitoring, understand how and why immune responses emerge and which epitopes drive them.

What peptide microarrays enable

From discovery to clinical insight

In drug development, understanding therapeutic immunogenicity involves knowing which epitopes drive immune responses, how those responses evolve, and which patients will benefit most. Peptide microarrays deliver epitope-level data that shapes better therapeutics and explains clinical variability.

Design & optimize immunogenic targets

Discover which epitopes elicit strong immune responses and redesign around those you don’t want.

Screen complete antigen sets to identify immunogenic hotspots

Test thousands of peptides covering vaccine candidates, therapeutic proteins, and related sequences to map which epitopes drive antibody production.

Use substitution analysis to enhance or reduce immunogenicity

Systematically test sequence variants to strengthen desired immunity or eliminate unwanted reactions before clinical trials.

Identify coverage gaps and cross-reactivity risks

Assess strain coverage for vaccines. Screen for host protein cross-reactivity before safety issues arise.

Monitor immunogenicity & detect anti-drug antibodies

Track immune responses over time and catch ADAs before they compromise safety or efficacy.

Profile responses before, during, and after treatment

Longitudinal studies reveal where ADAs bind and when they emerge, not just whether they're present. Run multiple samples in one experiment.

Map epitopes triggering unwanted immune responses

Know exactly which regions drive ADA formation to guide reformulation or dosing strategies.

Distinguish neutralizing from non-neutralizing antibodies

Identify which binding sites correlate with reduced therapeutic efficacy versus benign binding.

Inform patient stratification & response prediction

Understand why some patients respond while others don’t.

Screen cohorts for baseline immunity patterns

Baseline epitope profiling reveals pre-existing antibodies that could affect treatment outcomes.

Identify pre-existing immunity that may influence response

Detect prior exposure or tumor antigen-specific immunity before dosing begins.

Support biomarker discovery

Identify epitope targets associated with clinical outcomes or treatment efficacy.

Research questions answered

Real applications in vaccine and immunotherapy research

Epitope-level immune profiling answers questions that shape development decisions. Here’s how researchers are using peptide microarrays to guide their work.

Immunogenicity Risk Assessment

Can epitope-level analysis predict immunogenicity risk between similar biologics?

Peptide microarrays identified epitope-specific ADA responses, while HLA binding and T-cell assays revealed additional immunogenic hotspots. The combined approach produced a ranking consistent with reported clinical ADA incidence across two PD-L1 inhibitors.

Anti-Drug Antibody Mapping

Which epitopes drive anti-drug antibody responses to therapeutic antibodies?

Peptide microarrays revealed pre-existing antibodies targeting a specific sequence motif in an anti-VEGF-A scFv antibody, detected in a large fraction of healthy donors, linking epitope-specific immunity to rare adverse immune events.

Pre-existing Immunity

Do healthy individuals carry antibodies against CRISPR/Cas proteins?

Peptide microarrays detected epitope-specific antibody responses against different Cas proteins in healthy donor sera, highlighting the importance of assessing baseline immunity for emerging therapeutic modalities.

How it works

See what your vaccine or therapeutic is triggering with peptide microarrays

Whether you're evaluating therapeutic antibodies or immunization strategies, get epitope-level data of binding interactions in a single experiment.

Method comparison

Where peptide microarrays fit in immunogenicity studies

PEPperCHIP® Peptide Microarrays complement traditional immune monitoring approaches and ADA assays by providing epitope-level data that guide optimization and explain clinical findings.

	PEPperCHIP^® Peptide Microarrays	Bridging ELISA	MSD ECL	NAb Assays
Preclinical Optimization	Map immunogenic epitopes ↳ Guide candidate design	Limited use	Limited use	Not needed yet
Clinical Development (IND/Trials)	Explain ADA findings ↳ Mechanistic data	Required ADA screening	High-througput screening	Assess clinical impact
Post-Market Surveillance	Investigate immunogenicity signals	Routine monitoring	Large-scale monitoring	Confirm neutralization

Not sure which solution is best for you? We can help.

You

Analyse your data

Use our documentation and recommended analysis tools to interpret your results. We're on hand if you need us.

Dive deeper

Profiling both antibody & T-cell responses?

Immunogenicity isn’t just about antibodies. For vaccines and immunotherapies where cellular immunity matters, integrated B-cell and T-cell profiling delivers a complete picture of adaptive immune responses.

Explore T-cell services

Related applications

Beyond immunogenicity

ADAs provide a snapshot of the state of immunogenicity. Explore other applications to get a bigger picture.

Antibody Research & Epitope Mapping

Map binding sites, detect cross-reactivity, and identify critical residues for therapeutic antibody characterization.

Infectious Disease & Pathogen Profiling

Profile immune responses to viral and bacterial antigens for vaccine development and seroprevalence studies.

Profile immunogenicity at the epitope level

Whether you're developing cancer immunotherapies, therapeutic antibodies, or infectious disease vaccines, epitope-level profiling delivers the mechanistic insights traditional ADA assays can't provide. Let's talk through what makes sense for your research.

Frequently Asked Questions

Before you get started

How does ADA detection and monitoring work with your platform?

We use a peptide scanning approach using a fluorescence-based immunoassay to detect and characterize sequence-specific interactions. In the context of ADAs, we convert your therapeutic protein into a library of overlapping peptides, incubate it with patient or animal sera, stain it with a secondary antibody, and identify the epitope signatures by quantifying fluorescent signals of each peptide on the array.

What do I need to provide for a project?

To start, we'll need the sequence of your target. For example, this can be either your therapeutic protein (if looking for ADAs), pathogen protein/s (if working on vaccine development), or human proteins (if checking for pre-existing immunity). We'll discuss with you how much serum or sample we'll need to run the assays for your specific project.

Can arrays detect neutralizing antibodies?

Arrays identify which epitopes antibodies bind to but don't directly measure neutralizing activity (which requires other functional assays). However, epitope mapping often reveals which binding sites correlate with neutralization. For example, if antibodies targeting sequence positions 95-110 consistently associate with reduced drug efficacy in your data, you've identified the neutralizing region. This lets you focus functional assays on clinically relevant epitopes rather than testing all ADAs equally.

I'd like to test for reactivity across a broad scope of targets. Do you have set peptide libraries for this?

We do! We have a selection of pre-designed peptide microarrays that cover different pathogens, known autoantigens, and tumor antigens to name a few. You can browse our selection here. Additionally, if you’re in Europe or Brazil, we can also offer the HuProt™ Human Proteome Microarrays for broader protein-level screening.