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Discover how PEPperPRINT Peptide Microarray products have been used in different fields of research.

Peptide array functionalization via the Ugi four-component reaction

Ridder, B.; Mattes, D. S.; Nesterov-Mueller, A.; Breitling, F.; Meier, M. A. R.
Chem. Commun..
May 2017
The Ugi four-component reaction was investigated as a tool for the functionalization of peptide arrays via post-synthetic side-chain modification, mimicking post-translational processes. Additionally, as a proof of concept for the synthesis of peptidomimetics on arrays, the integration of an Ugi unit into a growing peptide chain was demonstrated.

Autoantikehad täppismeditsiinis

Jaks, Viljar; Uibo, Raivo
Immuuntolerantsi häirumine, mille üheks väljundiks on antikehade teke organismile omaste biomolekulide vastu, on oluline patogeneetiline mehhanism mitmete laialdaselt levinud haiguste puhul ja seetõttu on autoantikehade määramine kujunenud oluliseks diagnostiliseks vahendiks. Artiklis on käsitletud autoantikehade esinemise olulisust haiguste tekke ja kulu prognoosimisel. Kuigi sellekohane info on veel üsna napp, on selge, et organismi immuunstaatuse muutus eelneb aastaid haiguse ilmnemisele ning autoimmuunset komponenti sisaldava haiguse kulg ja prognoos on seotud patsiendil esinevate kindlate autoantikehadega. Sellest tulenevalt võime loota, et organismi immuunstaatuse uurimine, eriti aga autoantikehade spektri iseloomustamine, on tulevikus geneetilise info analüüsimise kõrval üks täppismeditsiini olulisemaid tööriistu.

Antibody repertoire profiling with mimotope arrays

Pashova, Shina; Schneider, Christoph; von Gunten, Stephan; Pashov, Anastas
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.
Jan 2017
Large-scale profiling and monitoring of antibody repertoires is possible through next generation sequencing (NGS), phage display libraries and microarrays. These methods can be combined in a pipeline, which ultimately maps the antibody reactivities onto defined arrays of structures – peptides or carbohydrates. The arrays can help analyze the individual specificities or can be used as complex patterns. In any case, the targets recognized should formally be considered mimotopes unless they are proven to be epitopes driving the antibody synthesis. Here, the advantages and disadvantages of the major profiling techniques as well as their current and future application in disease prediction and vaccination are discussed.

Single-Molecule Detection on a Protein-Array Assay Platform for the Exposure of a Tuberculosis Antigen

Schmidt, Ronny; Jacak, Jaroslaw; Schirwitz, Christopher; Stadler, Volker; Michel, Gerd; Marmé, Nicole; Schütz, Gerhard J.; Hoheisel, Jörg D.; Knemeyer, Jens-Peter
J. Proteome Res..
Jan 2011

Combinatorial Peptide Synthesis on a Microchip

Schirwitz, Christopher; Block, Ines; König, Kai; Nesterov, Alexander; Fernandez, Simon; Felgenhauer, Thomas; Leibe, Klaus; Torralba, Gloria; Hausmann, Michael; Lindenstruth, Volker; Stadler, Volker; Breitling, Frank; Bischoff, F. Ralf
Current Protocols in Protein Science.
Aug 2009
Microchips are used in the combinatorial synthesis of peptide arrays by means of amino acid microparticle deposition. The surface of custom-built microchips can be equipped with an amino-modified poly(ethylene glycol)methacrylate (PEGMA) graft polymer coating, which permits high loading of functional groups and resists nonspecific protein adsorption. Specific microparticles that are addressed to the polymer-coated microchip surface in a well defined pattern release preactivated amino acids upon melting, and thus allow combinatorial synthesis of high-complexity peptide arrays directly on the chip surface. Currently, arrays with densities of up to 40,000 peptide spots/cm2 can be generated in this way, with a minimum of coupling cycles required for full combinatorial synthesis. Without using any additional blocking agent, specific peptide recognition has been verified by background-free immunostaining on the chip-based array. This unit describes microchip surface modification, combinatorial peptide array synthesis on the chip, and a typical immunoassay employing the resulting high-density peptide arrays.

Particle-Based Synthesis of Peptide Arrays

Breitling, Frank; Felgenhauer, Thomas; Nesterov, Alexander; Lindenstruth, Volker; Stadler, Volker; Bischoff, F. Ralf
ChemBioChem.
Mar 2009
Lithographic methods allow for the combinatorial synthesis of >50,000 oligonucleotides per cm(2), and this has revolutionized the field of genomics. High-density peptide arrays promise to advance the field of proteomics in a similar way, but currently lag behind. This is mainly due to the monomer-by-monomer repeated consecutive coupling of 20 different amino acids associated with lithography, which adds up to an excessive number of coupling cycles. Combinatorial synthesis based on electrically charged solid amino acid particles resolves this problem. A color laser printer or a chip addresses the different charged particles consecutively to a solid support, where, when completed, the whole layer of solid amino acid particles is melted at once. This frees hitherto immobilized amino acids to couple all 20 different amino acids to the support in one single coupling reaction. The method should allow for the translation of entire genomes into sets of overlapping peptides to be used in proteome research.

High-density peptide arrays

Breitling, Frank; Nesterov, Alexander; Stadler, Volker; Felgenhauer, Thomas; Bischoff, F. Ralf
Mol. BioSyst..
Jan 2009
Arrays promise to advance biology by allowing parallel screening for many different binding partners. Meanwhile, lithographic methods enable combinatorial synthesis of >50 000 oligonucleotides per cm2, an advance that has revolutionized the whole field of genomics. A similar development is expected for the field of proteomics, provided that affordable, very high-density peptide arrays are available. However, peptide arrays lag behind oligonucleotide arrays. This review discusses recent developments in the field with an emphasis on methods that lead to very high-density peptide arrays.

A Novel Combinatorial Approach to High-Density Peptide Arrays

Beyer, Mario; Block, Ines; König, Kai; Nesterov, Alexander; Fernandez, Simon; Felgenhauer, Thomas; Schirwitz, Christopher; Leibe, Klaus; Bischoff, Ralf F.; Breitling, Frank; Stadler, Volker
Combinatorial synthesis of peptides on solid supports (1), either as spots on cellulose membranes (2) or with split-pool-libraries on polymer beads (3), substantially forwarded research in the field of peptide-protein interactions. Admittedly, these concepts have specific limitations, on one hand the number of synthesizable peptide sequences per area, on the other hand elaborate decoding/encoding strategies, false-positive results and sequence limitations. We recently established a method to produce high-density peptide arrays on microelectronic chips (4). Solid amino acid microparticles were charged by friction and transferred to defined pixel electrodes onto the chip’s surface, where they couple to a functional polymer coating simply upon melting (Fig. 16.1 A-D,F). By applying standard Fmoc chemistry according to Merrifield, peptide array densities of up to 40,000 spots per square centimetre were achieved (Fig. 16.1G). The term Merrifield synthesis describes the consecutive linear coupling and deprotecting of L-amino acids modified with base-labile fluorenylmethoxy (Fmoc) groups at the N-terminus and different acid-sensitive protecting groups at their side chains. Removing side chain protecting groups takes place only once at the very end of each synthesis and generates the natural peptide sequence thereby.

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