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Discover how PEPperPRINT Peptide Microarray products have been used in different fields of research.

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Scoping review of the applications of peptide microarrays on the fight against human infections

Vengesai, Arthur; Kasambala, Maritha; Mutandadzi, Hamlet; Mduluza-Jokonya, Tariro L.; Mduluza, Takafira; Naicker, Thajasvarie
Mar 2021
10.1101/2021.03.04.433859
Abstract Introduction This scoping review explores the use of peptide microarrays in the fight against infectious diseases. The research domains explored included the use of peptide microarrays in the mapping of linear B-cell and T cell epitopes, antimicrobial peptide discovery, immunosignature characterisation and disease immunodiagnostics. This review also provides a short overview of peptide microarray synthesis.   Methods Electronic databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. The review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and data charting was performed using a predefined form. The results were reported by narrative synthesis in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Results Eighty-six articles from 100 studies were included in the final data charting process. The majority (93%) of the articles were published during 2010–2020 and were mostly from Europe (44%) and North America (34 %). The findings were from the investigation of viral (44%), bacterial (30%), parasitic (25%) and fungal (2%) infections. Out of the serological studies, IgG was the most reported antibody type followed by IgM. The largest portion of the studies (78%) were related to mapping B-cell linear epitopes, 10% were on diagnostics, 9% reported on immunosignature characterisation and 6% reported on viral and bacterial cell binding assays. Two studies reported on T-cell epitope profiling. Conclusion The most important application of peptide microarrays was found to be B-cell epitope mapping or antibody profiling to identify diagnostic and vaccine targets. Immunosignatures identified by random peptide microarrays were found to be applied in the diagnosis of infections and interrogation of vaccine responses. The analysis of the interactions of random peptide microarrays with bacterial and viral cells using binding assays enabled the identification of antimicrobial peptides. Peptide microarray arrays were also used for T-cell linear epitope mapping which may provide more information for the design of peptide-based vaccines and for the development of diagnostic reagents.

Comparison of Monoclonal Gammopathies Linked to Poliovirus or Coxsackievirus vs. Other Infectious Pathogens

Harb, Jean; Mennesson, Nicolas; Lepetit, Cassandra; Fourny, Maeva; Louvois, Margaux; Bosseboeuf, Adrien; Allain-Maillet, Sophie; Decaux, Olivier; Moreau, Caroline; Tallet, Anne; Piver, Eric; Moreau, Philippe; Salle, Valéry; Bigot-Corbel, Edith; Hermouet, Sylvie
Feb 2021
10.3390/cells10020438
Chronic stimulation by infectious pathogens or self-antigen glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph) can lead to monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM). Novel assays such as the multiplex infectious antigen microarray (MIAA) and GlcSph assays, permit identification of targets for >60% purified monoclonal immunoglobulins (Igs). Searching for additional targets, we selected 28 purified monoclonal Igs whose antigen was not represented on the MIAA and GlcSph assays; their specificity of recognition was then analyzed using microarrays consisting of 3760 B-cell epitopes from 196 pathogens. The peptide sequences PALTAVETG and PALTAAETG of the VP1 coat proteins of human poliovirus 1/3 and coxsackievirus B1/B3, respectively, were specifically recognized by 6/28 monoclonal Igs. Re-analysis of patient cohorts showed that purified monoclonal Igs from 10/155 MGUS/SM (6.5%) and 3/147 MM (2.0%) bound to the PALTAVETG or PALTAAETG epitopes. Altogether, PALTAV/AETG-initiated MGUS are not rare and few seem to evolve toward myeloma.

Major antigen and paramyosin proteins as candidate biomarkers for serodiagnosis of canine infection by zoonotic Onchocerca lupi

Latrofa, Maria Stefania; Palmisano, Giuseppe; Annoscia, Giada; Pierri, Ciro Leonardo; Chandrashekar, Ramaswamy; Otranto, Domenico
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.
Feb 2021
10.1371/journal.pntd.0009027
Onchocerca lupi (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) is a filarial worm parasitizing domestic carnivores and humans. Adult nematodes usually localize beneath in the sclera or in the ocular retrobulbar of infected animals, whilst microfilariae are found in the skin. Therefore, diagnosis of O. lupi is achieved by microscopic and/or molecular detection of microfilariae from skin biopsy and/or surgical removal of adults from ocular tissues of infected hosts. An urgent non-invasive diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of O. lupi in dog is mandatory. In this study, an immunoproteomic analyses was performed using a combination of immunoblotting and mass spectrometry techniques. Onchocerca lupi major antigen (Ol-MJA) and paramyosin (Ol-PARA) proteins were identified as potential biomarkers for serodiagnosis. Linear epitopes were herein scanned for both proteins using high-density peptide microarray. Sera collected from dog infected with O. lupi and healthy animal controls led to the identification of 11 immunodominant antigenic peptides (n = 7 for Ol-MJA; n = 4 for Ol-PARA). These peptides were validated using sera of dogs uniquely infected with the most important filarioids infesting dogs either zoonotic (Dirofilaria repens, Dirofilaria immitis) or not (Acanthocheilonema reconditum and Cercopithifilaria bainae). Overall, six antigenic peptides, three for Ol-MJA and for Ol-PARA, respectively, were selected as potential antigens for the serological detection of canine O. lupi infection. The molecular and proteomic dataset herein reported should provide a useful resource for studies on O. lupi toward supporting the development of new interventions (drugs, vaccines and diagnostics) against canine onchocercosis.

FUSION PROTEIN CONSTRUCTSCOMPRISING ANTI-C3d ANTIBODY AND FACTOR H

Curtis, Michael Steven; Storek, Michael; Violette, Shelia Marie; Kalled, Susan L.; Fahnoe, Kelly C.; Huang, Cheng Ran; Stark, Ellen Garber; Taylor, Frederick Robbins; Caravella, Justin Andrew; Holers, Vernon Michael; Gambel, Phillip
Jan 2021
Provided herein are fusion protein constructs that can bind a complement-associated antigen, comprising a targeting moiety and a complement modulator protein, or a fragment thereof or a variant thereof. The targeting moiety is an antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof, in some examples. Further provided are methods of using the fusion protein constructs, for example, in treating complement mediation conditions.

SARS-CoV-2 Epitope Mapping on Microarrays Highlights Strong Immune-Response to N Protein Region

Musicò, Angelo; Frigerio, Roberto; Mussida, Alessandro; Barzon, Luisa; Sinigaglia, Alessandro; Riccetti, Silvia; Gobbi, Federico; Piubelli, Chiara; Bergamaschi, Greta; Chiari, Marcella; Gori, Alessandro; Cretich, Marina
Vaccines.
Jan 2021
10.3390/vaccines9010035
A workflow for rapid SARS-CoV-2 epitope discovery on peptide microarrays is herein reported. The process started with a proteome-wide screening of immunoreactivity based on the use of a high-density microarray followed by a refinement and validation phase on a restricted panel of probes using microarrays with tailored peptide immobilization through a click-based strategy. Progressively larger, independent cohorts of Covid-19 positive sera were tested in the refinement processes, leading to the identification of immunodominant regions on SARS-CoV-2 spike (S), nucleocapsid (N) protein and Orf1ab polyprotein. A summary study testing 50 serum samples highlighted an epitope of the N protein (region 155–71) providing good diagnostic performance in discriminating Covid-19 positive vs. healthy individuals. Using this epitope, 92% sensitivity and 100% specificity were reached for IgG detection in Covid-19 samples, and no cross-reactivity with common cold coronaviruses was detected. Likewise, IgM immunoreactivity in samples collected within the first month after symptoms onset showed discrimination ability. Overall, epitope 155–171 from N protein represents a promising candidate for further development and rapid implementation in serological tests.

Marker Sequences for Diagnosing and Stratifying Systemic Sclerosis Patients

Budde, Petra
Jan 2021
The present invention relates to methods for identifying markers for systemic sclerosis (also scleroderma; SSc) and to the markers identified with the aid of this method, which can differentiate between SSc and other autoimmune diseases on the one hand and between different SSc subgroups on the other hand. The invention also relates to panels, diagnostic devices and test kits which comprise these markers, and to the use and application thereof, for example for the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy control of SSc. The invention also relates to methods for screening and for validating active substances for use in SSc.

Antigenic characteristics of glycosylated protein 3 of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Wang, Xinglong; Dang, Ruyi; Liu, Wenkai; Yang, Zengqi; Du, Enqi; Zhang, Shuxia
Virus Research.
Aug 2014
10.1016/j.virusres.2014.04.016
Highly pathogenic (HP)-porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) emerged in 2006 and has now become a global threat to pig farms. Despite extensive characterization of HP-PRRSV proteins by direct analysis and comparison with typical PRRSV, immune recognition remain poorly understood. Glycosylated protein 3 (GP3) has an important function in inducing protective immune response. To analyze the antigenic character of HP-PRRSV GP3, a total of 217 peptides were printed on a chip and used to react with HP-PRRSV specific serum. The reactions of these peptides to HP-PRRSV specific pig serum were scanned and quantified using the software PepSlide® Analyzer by fluorescence intensity. The intensity plots showed various reactions in different parts of GP3. The highest reaction intensity value reached 29,184.5 with the peptide sequence of CSENDHDELGFMVPP. Conversely, 88 peptides showed no reaction with 0 florescence intensity. A further analysis based on the result of the peptide microarray revealed an antigen reaction active region (AR) from Y51 to S106 in GP3. The AR had four parts of variation that may be a significant mutation of the typical PRRSV to HP-PRRSV. Acquired data may be useful for understanding HP-PRRSV variation and its GP3 immune recognition.

Anti-ADAMTS13 IgG autoantibodies present in healthy individuals share linear epitopes with those in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Grillberger, R.; Casina, V. C.; Turecek, P. L.; Zheng, X. L.; Rottensteiner, H.; Scheiflinger, F.
Haematologica.
Apr 2014
10.3324/haematol.2013.100685

Potent Adjuvanticity of a Pure TLR7-Agonistic Imidazoquinoline Dendrimer

Shukla, Nikunj M.; Salunke, Deepak B.; Balakrishna, Rajalakshmi; Mutz, Cole A.; Malladi, Subbalakshmi S.; David, Sunil A.
PLoS ONE.
Aug 2012
10.1371/journal.pone.0043612
Engagement of toll-like receptors (TLRs) serve to link innate immune responses with adaptive immunity and can be exploited as powerful vaccine adjuvants for eliciting both primary and anamnestic immune responses. TLR7 agonists are highly immunostimulatory without inducing dominant proinflammatory cytokine responses. We synthesized a dendrimeric molecule bearing six units of a potent TLR7/TLR8 dual-agonistic imidazoquinoline to explore if multimerization of TLR7/8 would result in altered activity profiles. A complete loss of TLR8-stimulatory activity with selective retention of the TLR7-agonistic activity was observed in the dendrimer. This was reflected by a complete absence of TLR8-driven proinflammatory cytokine and interferon (IFN)-γ induction in human PBMCs, with preservation of TLR7-driven IFN-α induction. The dendrimer was found to be superior to the imidazoquinoline monomer in inducing high titers of high-affinity antibodies to bovine α-lactalbumin. Additionally, epitope mapping experiments showed that the dendrimer induced immunoreacti

Sensing Immune Responses with Customized Peptide Microarrays

Schirwitz, Christopher; Loeffler, Felix F.; Felgenhauer, Thomas; Stadler, Volker; Breitling, Frank; Bischoff, F. Ralf
Biointerphases.
Aug 2012
10.1007/s13758-012-0047-5
The intent to solve biological and biomedical questions in high-throughput led to an immense interest in microarray technologies. Nowadays, DNA microarrays are routinely used to screen for oligonucleotide interactions within a large variety of potential interaction partners. To study interactions on the protein level with the same efficiency, protein and peptide microarrays offer similar advantages, but their production is more demanding. A new technology to produce peptide microarrays with a laser printer provides access to affordable and highly complex peptide microarrays. Such a peptide microarray can contain up to 775 peptide spots per cm², whereby the position of each peptide spot and, thus, the amino acid sequence of the corresponding peptide, is exactly known. Compared to other techniques, such as the SPOT synthesis, more features per cm² at lower costs can be synthesized which paves the way for laser printed peptide microarrays to take on roles as efficient and affordable biomedical sensors. Here, we describe the laser printer-based synthesis of peptide microarrays and focus on an application involving the blood sera of tetanus immunized individuals, indicating the potential of peptide arrays to sense immune responses.

Physical Characterization of the “Immunosignaturing Effect”

Stafford, Phillip; Halperin, Rebecca; Legutki, Joseph Bart; Magee, Dewey Mitchell; Galgiani, John; Johnston, Stephen Albert
Mol Cell Proteomics.
Apr 2012
10.1074/mcp.M111.011593
Identifying new, effective biomarkers for diseases is proving to be a challenging problem. We have proposed that antibodies may offer a solution to this problem. The physical features and abundance of antibodies make them ideal biomarkers. Additionally, antibodies are often elicited early in the ontogeny of different chronic and infectious diseases. We previously reported that antibodies from patients with infectious disease and separately those with Alzheimer’s disease display a characteristic and reproducible immunosignature on a microarray of 10,000 random sequence peptides. Here we investigate the physical and chemical parameters underlying how immunosignaturing works. We first show that a variety of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies raised against different classes of antigens produce distinct profiles on this microarray and the relative affinities are determined. A proposal for how antibodies bind the random sequences is tested. Sera from vaccinated mice and people suffering from a fugal infection are individually assayed to determine the complexity of signals that can be distinguished. Based on these results, we propose that this simple, general and inexpensive system could be optimized to generate a new class of antibody biomarkers for a wide variety of diseases.

Combinatorial Synthesis of Peptide Arrays with a Laser Printer

Stadler, Volker; Felgenhauer, Thomas; Beyer, Mario; Fernandez, Simon; Leibe, Klaus; Güttler, Stefan; Gröning, Martin; König, Kai; Torralba, Gloria; Hausmann, Michael; Lindenstruth, Volker; Nesterov, Alexander; Block, Ines; Pipkorn, Rüdiger; Poustka, Annemarie; Bischoff, F. Ralf; Breitling, Frank
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed..
Sep 2008
10.1002/anie.200801616
Special delivery: The “freezing” of activated amino acid derivatives within solid particles enables a laser printer to deliver these “postal packages” to defined locations on a solid support with high resolution. Subsequent parallel coupling is initiated simply by melting a whole layer of 20 different amino acid particles (see schematic representation; Fmoc=9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl).

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