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Discover how PEPperPRINT Peptide Microarray products have been used in different fields of research.

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Genomics-Driven Immunoproteomics: An Integrative Platform to Uncover Important Biomarkers for Human Diseases

Giri, Raghavendra; Qendro, Veneta; Rani, Pooja; Jepchumba, Carren; Bugos, Grace; Stadler, Volker; Han, David K.
Jul 2019
10.1007/978-1-4939-9597-4_21
Genomics-driven immunoproteomics (GDI) is a platform that helps identify antigenic protein targets of mutations and other deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) variations that are commonly associated with pathological states. This platform utilizes data generated from deep sequencing of exomic DNA or ribonucleic acid (RNA) as input to synthesize mutant peptides into microarrays, which then can be used to detect antigenic proteins that invoke immune response in patients. The technology has been used to detect antigenic targets of multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disease [1], and cancer to identify mutant proteins that invoke immune response in breast cancer patients [2]. This technology has many potential applications to select genomic changes that are specifically recognized by the immune system in a rapid and efficient manner.

A canstatin-derived peptide provides insight into the role of Capillary Morphogenesis Gene 2 in angiogenic regulation and matrix uptake

Finnell, Jordan G.; Tsang, Tsz-Ming; Cryan, Lorna; Garrard, Samuel; Lee, Sai-Lun; Ackroyd, P. Christine; Rogers, Michael S.; Christensen, Kenneth A.
Jul 2019
10.1101/705459
Abstract Capillary Morphogenesis Gene 2 protein (CMG2) is a transmembrane, integrin-like receptor and the primary receptor for the anthrax toxin. In addition to its role as an anthrax toxin receptor, CMG2 has been repeatedly shown to play a role in angiogenic processes. However, the molecular mechanism mediating observed CMG2-related angiogenic effects has not been fully elucidated. Previous studies have found that CMG2 binds type IV collagen (Col-IV), a key component of the vascular basement membrane, as well as other ECM proteins. Currently, no link has been made between these CMG2-ECM interactions and angiogenesis; however, ECM fragments are known to play a role in regulating angiogenesis. Here, we further characterize the CMG2-Col-IV interaction and explore the effect of this interaction on angiogenesis. Using a peptide array, we observed that CMG2 preferentially binds peptide fragments of the NC1 (non-collagenous domain 1) domains of Col-IV. These domains are also known as the fragments arresten (from the α1 chain) and canstatin (from the α2 chain) and have documented antiangiogenic properties. A second peptide array was probed to map a putative binding epitope. A top hit from the initial array, a canstatin-derived peptide, binds to the CMG2 ligand-binding von Willebrand factor A (vWA) domain with sub-micromolar affinity (peptide S16, K d = 400 ± 200 nM). This peptide competes with anthrax protective antigen (PA) for CMG2 binding, and does not bind CMG2 in the presence of EDTA. Together these data suggest that, like PA, S16 interacts with CMG2 at the metal-ion dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) of its vWA domain. We demonstrate that CMG2 specifically mediates endocytic uptake of S16, since CMG2-/- endothelial cells show markedly reduced S16 uptake, without reducing total endocytosis. Furthermore, we show that S16 reduces endothelial migration but not cell proliferation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that a Col IV-derived anti-angiogenic peptide acts via CMG2, suggesting a possible link between CMG2-Col IV interactions and angiogenesis.

Bacterial inhibitors

Xie, Hua
Jul 2019
Peptides related to certain portions of the arginine deiminase enzyme from the bacterium Streptococcus cristatus are provided that disrupt the formation and composition of biofilms containing the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis, and also modulate the virulence of P. gingivalis. Pharmaceutical compositions containing such peptides and method of using the same are disclosed.

Performance evaluation of 3 serodiagnostic peptide epitopes and the derived multi-epitope peptide OvNMP-48 for detection of Onchocerca volvulus infection

Lagatie, Ole; Verheyen, Ann; Nijs, Erik; Batsa Debrah, Linda; Debrah, Yaw A.; Stuyver, Lieven J.
Parasitol Res.
Jul 2019
10.1007/s00436-019-06345-3
Current diagnostic tools to determine infection with the helminth parasite Onchocerca volvulus have limited performance characteristics. In previous studies, a proteome-wide screen was conducted to identify linear epitopes in this parasite’s proteome, resulting in the discovery of 1110 antigenic peptide fragments. Here, we investigated three of these peptides using peptide ELISA’s and evaluated their sensitivity and specificity. Epitope mapping was performed, and peptides were constructed that contained only the minimal epitope, flanked by a linker. Investigation of the performance of these minimal epitope peptides demonstrated that all three of them have a specificity (as defined by lack of response in non-helminth-infected individuals) of 100%, low cross-reactivity (5.6%, 5.6%, and 9.3%, respectively), but low sensitivity (36.9%, 46.5%, and 41.2%, respectively). Some cross-reactivity was observed in samples from individuals infected with soil-transmitted helminths or Brugia malayi. Combining these three minimal epitopes in a single peptide, called OvNMP-48, resulted in a performance that exceeded the sum of the individual epitopes, with a sensitivity of 76.0%, a specificity of 97.4%, and a cross-reactivity of 11.1%. Cross-reactivity was observed in some STH and Brugia malayi-infected individuals. This work opens the opportunity to start exploring how these novel linear epitope markers might become part of the O. volvulus diagnostic toolbox.

A high-sensitivity enzyme immunoassay for the quantification of soluble human semaphorin 4D in plasma

Laber, Anna; Gadermaier, Elisabeth; Wallwitz, Jacqueline; Berg, Gabriela; Himmler, Gottfried
Analytical Biochemistry.
Jun 2019
10.1016/j.ab.2019.03.004
Human semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D), a type I integral membrane glycoprotein, regulates key cellular functions (e.g. cell-cell communication, platelet activation). Its 120 kDa extracellular region can be shed from the membrane to release soluble SEMA4D (sSEMA4D). Studies on circulating sSEMA4D levels are mostly performed with poorly characterized assays and use serum and plasma as matrix. We developed and validated a sandwich ELISA utilizing two monoclonal antibodies with resolved epitopes and determined affinities. Human serum and plasma samples were analyzed, and the influence of protease activity on sSEMA4D concentration was tested by collecting samples in the presence of the protease inhibitor TAPI-1. Both antibodies recognize conformational epitopes in the sema domain. Validation for plasma (EDTA, citrate, heparin) showed valid specificity, precision, accuracy, dilution linearity, and robustness. The assay shows a calibration range from 62.5 to 2000 pmol/L with a quantification limit of 31 pmol/L. sSEMA4D was significantly higher in serum than in plasma, whereas serum and plasma levels from samples collected in the presence of TAPI-1 showed no statistical difference. This ELISA provides a reliable tool for the quantification of sSEMA4D in human plasma. Serum is not recommended as matrix due to the accumulation of shed SEMA4D during blood coagulation altering serum sSEMA4D levels.

Anti-Trail Antibodies and Methods of Use

Boico, Olga; Tzaban, Salit; Oved, Kfir; Cohen-Dotan, Assaf; Eden, Eran
May 2019
An antibody comprising an antigen recognition domain that binds specifically the extracellular domain of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) between amino acids 95-155 and/or amino acids 190-210 is disclosed. Uses thereof are also disclosed.

Autoantibodies to a novel Rpp38 (Th/To) derived B-cell epitope are specific for systemic sclerosis and associate with a distinct clinical phenotype

Koenig, Martial; Bentow, Chelsea; Satoh, Minoru; Fritzler, Marvin J; Senécal, Jean-Luc; Mahler, Michael
Apr 2019
10.1093/rheumatology/kez123
Abstract Objective Detection of antinuclear antibodies and specific autoantibodies is important in the diagnosis and classification of SSc. Several proteins of the Th/To complex, including Rpp25, Rpp38 and hPop1 are the target of autoantibodies in SSc patients. However, very little is known about the epitope distribution of this autoantigen. Consequently, we screened Rpp25, Rpp38 and hPop1 for B cell epitopes and evaluated their clinical relevance. Methods Serum pools with (n = 2) and without (n = 1) anti-Th/To autoantibodies were generated and used for epitope discovery. Identified biomarker candidate sequences were then utilized to synthesize synthetic, biotinylated, soluble peptides. The peptides were tested to determine reactivity with sera from SSc cohorts (n = 202) and controls (n = 159) using a chemiluminescence immunoassay. Additionally, samples were also tested for antibodies to full-length recombinant Rpp25 antibodies by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results Several immunodominant regions were found on the three proteins. The strongest reactivity was observed with an Rpp38 peptide (aa 229–243). Autoantibodies to the Rpp38 peptide were detected in 8/149 (5.4%) limited cutaneous SSc patients, but not in any of 159 controls (P = 0.003 by two-sided Fisher’s exact probability test). Although reactivity to the novel antigenic peptide was correlated with the binding to Rpp25 (rho = 0.44; P < 0.0001), subsets of patient sera either reacted strongly with Rpp25 or with the novel Rpp38-derived peptide. Conclusion A novel Rpp38 epitope holds promise to increase the sensitivity in the detection of anti-Th/To autoantibodies, thus enhancing the serological diagnosis of SSc.

In-depth serum proteomics reveals biomarkers of psoriasis severity and response to traditional Chinese medicine

Xu, Meng; Deng, Jingwen; Xu, Kaikun; Zhu, Tiansheng; Han, Ling; Yan, Yuhong; Yao, Danni; Deng, Hao; Wang, Dan; Sun, Yaoting; Chang, Cheng; Zhang, Xiaomei; Dai, Jiayu; Yue, Liang; Zhang, Qiushi; Cai, Xue; Zhu, Yi; Duan, Hu; Liu, Yuan; Li, Dong; Zhu, Yunping; Radstake, Timothy R. D. J.; Balak, Deepak M.W.; Xu, Danke; Guo, Tiannan; Lu, Chuanjian; Yu, Xiaobo
Theranostics.
Apr 2019
10.7150/thno.31144
Serum and plasma contain abundant biological information that reflect the body’s physiological and pathological conditions and are therefore a valuable sample type for disease biomarkers. However, comprehensive profiling of the serological proteome is challenging due to the wide range of protein concentrations in serum. Methods: To address this challenge, we developed a novel in-depth serum proteomics platform capable of analyzing the serum proteome across ~10 orders or magnitude by combining data obtained from Data Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry (DIA-MS) and customizable antibody microarrays. Results: Using psoriasis as a proof-of-concept disease model, we screened 50 serum proteomes from healthy controls and psoriasis patients before and after treatment with traditional Chinese medicine (YinXieLing) on our in-depth serum proteomics platform. We identified 106 differentially-expressed proteins in psoriasis patients involved in psoriasis-relevant biological processes, such as blood coagulation, inflammation, apoptosis and angiogenesis signaling pathways. In addition, unbiased clustering and principle component analysis revealed 58 proteins discriminating healthy volunteers from psoriasis patients and 12 proteins distinguishing responders from non-responders to YinXieLing. To further demonstrate the clinical utility of our platform, we performed correlation analyses between serum proteomes and psoriasis activity and found a positive association between the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score with three serum proteins (PI3, CCL22, IL-12B). Conclusion: Taken together, these results demonstrate the clinical utility of our in-depth serum proteomics platform to identify specific diagnostic and predictive biomarkers of psoriasis and other immune-mediated diseases.

High-density Peptide Arrays Help to Identify Linear Immunogenic B-cell Epitopes in Individuals Naturally Exposed to Malaria Infection

Jaenisch, Thomas; Heiss, Kirsten; Fischer, Nico; Geiger, Carolin; Bischoff, F. Ralf; Moldenhauer, Gerhard; Rychlewski, Leszek; Sié, Ali; Coulibaly, Boubacar; Seeberger, Peter H.; Wyrwicz, Lucjan S.; Breitling, Frank; Loeffler, Felix F.
Mol Cell Proteomics.
Apr 2019
10.1074/mcp.RA118.000992
High-density peptide arrays are an excellent means to profile anti-plasmodial antibody responses. Different protein intrinsic epitopes can be distinguished, and additional insights are gained, when compared with assays involving the full-length protein. Distinct reactivities to specific epitopes within one protein may explain differences in published results, regarding immunity or susceptibility to malaria. We pursued three approaches to find specific epitopes within important plasmodial proteins, (1) twelve leading vaccine candidates were mapped as overlapping 15-mer peptides, (2) a bioinformatical approach served to predict immunogenic malaria epitopes which were subsequently validated in the assay, and (3) randomly selected peptides from the malaria proteome were screened as a control. Several peptide array replicas were prepared, employing particle-based laser printing, and were used to screen 27 serum samples from a malaria-endemic area in Burkina Faso, West Africa. The immunological status of the individuals was classified as “protected” or “unprotected” based on clinical symptoms, parasite density, and age. The vaccine candidate screening approach resulted in significant hits in all twelve proteins and allowed us (1) to verify many known immunogenic structures, (2) to map B-cell epitopes across the entire sequence of each antigen and (3) to uncover novel immunogenic epitopes. Predicting immunogenic regions in the proteome of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, via the bioinformatics approach and subsequent array screening, confirmed known immunogenic sequences, such as in the leading malaria vaccine candidate CSP and discovered immunogenic epitopes derived from hypothetical or unknown proteins.

High-throughput epitope profiling of antibodies in the plasma of Alzheimer’s disease patients using random peptide microarrays

Sim, Kyu-Young; Park, Sang-Heon; Choi, Kyu Yeong; Park, Jung Eun; Lee, Jung Sup; Kim, Byeong C.; Gwak, Jeonghwan; Song, Woo Keun; Lee, Kun Ho; Park, Sung-Gyoo
Sci Rep.
Mar 2019
10.1038/s41598-019-40976-x
The symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a major cause of dementia in older adults, are linked directly with neuronal cell death, which is thought to be due to aberrant neuronal inflammation. Autoantibodies formed during neuronal inflammation show excellent stability in blood; therefore, they may be convenient blood-based diagnostic markers of AD. Here, we performed microarray analysis of 29,240 unbiased random peptides to be used for comprehensive screening of AD-specific IgG and IgM antibodies in the blood. The results showed that (1) sequence-specific and isotype-specific antibodies are regulated differentially in AD, and combinations of these antibodies showing high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values (0.862–0.961) can be used to classify AD, (2) AD-specific IgG antibodies arise from IgM antibody-secreting cells that existed before disease onset and (3) target protein profiling of the antibodies identified some AD-related proteins, some of which are involved in AD-related signalling pathways. Therefore, we propose that these epitopes may facilitate the development of biomarkers for AD diagnosis and form the basis for a mechanistic study related to AD progression.

Patent infections with soil-transmitted helminths and Schistosoma mansoni are not associated with increased prevalence of antibodies to the Onchocerca volvulus peptide epitopes OvMP-1 and OvMP-23

Vlaminck, Johnny; Lagatie, Ole; Verheyen, Ann; Dana, Daniel; Van Dorst, Bieke; Mekonnen, Zeleke; Levecke, Bruno; Stuyver, Lieven J.
Parasites Vectors.
Jan 2019
10.1186/s13071-019-3308-z
Background Ov16 serology is considered a reference method for Onchocerca volvulus epidemiological mapping. Given the suboptimal sensitivity of this test and the fact that seroconversion takes more than a year after infection, additional serological tests might be needed to guide onchocerciasis elimination programmes. Recently, two linear epitopes encoded in OvMP-1 and OvMP-23 peptides were introduced as serological markers, but the observed antibody cross-reactivity in samples originating from Onchocerca volvulus non-endemic areas required further investigation. Methods We evaluated both peptide markers in an O. volvulus hypo-endemic setting in Jimma Town, Ethiopia using peptide ELISA. For all individuals (n = 303), the infection status with soil-transmitted helminths and Schistosoma mansoni was known. Results We found that 11 (3.6%) individuals were positive for anti-Ov16 IgG4 antibodies, while 34 (11.2%) and 15 (5.0%) individuals were positive for OvMP-1 and OvMP-23, respectively. Out of the 34 OvMP-1 positive samples, 33 were negative on the Ov16 IgG4 ELISA. Similarly, out of the 15 OvMP-23 positive samples, 14 scored negative on this reference method. No difference in seroprevalence for all three markers could be observed between uninfected individuals and individuals infected with different soil-transmitted helminths or S. mansoni. Moreover, the intensity of the response to OvMP-1, OvMP-23 or Ov16 was not significantly stronger in individuals carrying patent STH or S. mansoni infections, nor was there any correlation between the intensities of the responses to the three different antigens. Conclusions This study demonstrates that a patent infection with either soil-transmitted helminths or S. mansoni does not lead to increased antibody recognition of both OvMP-1 and OvMP23.

Molecular mimicry, genetic homology, and gene sharing proteomic “molecular fingerprints” using an EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)-derived microarray as a potential diagnostic method in autoimmune disease

Dreyfus, David H.; Farina, Antonella; Farina, Giuseppina Alessandra
Immunol Res.
Dec 2018
10.1007/s12026-018-9045-0
EBV (Epstein-Barr Virus) and other human DNA viruses are associated with autoimmune syndromes in epidemiologic studies. In this work, immunoglobulin G response to EBV-encoded proteins which share regions with human immune response proteins from the human host including ZEBRA (BZLF-1 encoded protein), BALF-2 recombinase expressed primarily during the viral lytic replication cycle, and EBNA-1 (Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen) expressed during the viral latency cycle respectively were characterized using a laser-printed micro-array (PEPperprint.com). IgG response to conserved “A/T hooks” in EBV-encoded proteins such as EBNA-1 and the BALF-2 recombinase related to host DNA-binding proteins including RAG-1 recombinase and histones, and EBV-encoded virokines such as the IL-10 homologue BCRF-1 suggest further directions for clinical research. The author suggests that proteomic “molecular fingerprints” of the immune response to viral proteins shared with human immune response genes are potentially useful in early diagnosis and monitoring of autoantibody production and response to therapy in EBV-related autoimmune syndromes.

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